Abstract.  The main topics on inertial confinement fusion such as the energy driver, the interaction between plasmas and driver beam, the target design are discussed.

The results on studying the physical processes in targets having different design and composition, including the volumetric-structure targets irradiated by a laser with a low coherent radiation, are presented and discussed. In particular, such important laser-matter interaction phenomena are investigated as the absorption and scattering of the laser radiation, the laser radiation harmonic generation, X-ray generation, hydrodynamic waves in plasma and the conversion of laser radiation into the second harmonic by means of nonlinear crystals.

A nonlinear transparency of the laser irradiated volumetric-structure targets has been observed. Such a transparency is realized in a wide range of parameters of the laser radiation and the volumetric-structure targets, and is defined by the conditions for plasma formation and laser radiation absorption in the plasma, as well as the plasma dynamics.

Acknowledgements
This work is partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Researches (grant # 10-02-00113), Program of the RAS “Nonlinear optical methods and materials for new generation of laser systems” and the Federal Target Program “Research and scientific-pedagogical cadres of innovative Russia” (grant # 2009-1.1-122-052-025).