Abstract.  With our new laser, LFWX, at powers of about 10PW, different kinds of researches for high energy density physics are in progress. The highest priority is put on the fast ignition study. Recently we have developed a structured-cone-insulated fast ignition target, with which one can expect higher hot electron flux toward the imploded main fuel. We have another alternative called impact ignition, in which a portion of fuel accelerated to velocities beyond 1000 km/s collides the main compressed fuel, converting its own kinetic energy to thermal energy corresponding to > 5 keV, which triggers the thermonuclear ignition.

Apart from those energy applications, an exawatt laser project is under discussion, with which one can study various kinds of unexplored physics at the super-high intensity field. Relativistic Coulomb explosion is one of such an example: When a relatively large droplet with radii of the order of several hundreds nm to miron is irradiated an intense laser > 10²⁰ - 10²² W/cm², laser light penetrate into the solid density due to the relativistic effect. Within a short period ~ fs, most of the electrons can be blown off and the remaining ion sphere successively explodes and the peripheral ions reach at energies of MeV - GeV. Utilizing these accelerated ions, one can design effective neutron source.