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Abstract. Some important neoclassical phenomena are studied with
drift-kinetic simulations of the ions: the current which drives neoclassical
tearing modes (bootstrap and polarization current) and the bootstrap current
at a steep gradient. The
code HAGIS is used with pitch
angle collisions modelled by a Monte Carlo procedure. An equilibrium with
circular cross section and (for the island modelling) a single helical
perturbation is considered, ITER- and AUG-like parameter are used. We find
that the bootstrap current in small islands does not vanish, the full
current is observed if the island width is smaller than the orbit
width. The results can explain the scaling of the normalized beta at the
onset of the NTMs in ASDEX Upgrade. The polarization current due to the
island rotation is studied as well and is found to be strongly reduced at
small island size. The transition to the collisional limit is only observed
at high values of
/
. In the banana regime the
bootstrap current at a steep density profile is reduced and depends
non-locally on the gradient if the orbit width is not small compared to the
the gradient length.
IAEA 2003