Turkey

TABLE 1. ESTIMATED AVAILABLE ENERGY SOURCES

	Fossil Fuels			Nuclear		Renewables
	Solid	Liquid	Gas	Uranium	Thorium	Hydro	Geothermal	Wind	Solar
Units	Mt	Mt	Bm3	metric tonnes	metric tonnes	TWh/y	TWh/y	TWh/y	TWh/y
Total	12 615	45.2	6.7	9 129	380 000	160	12*	153	380

TABLE 2. ENERGY STATISTICS

										Average annual growth rate (%)
	1980	1990	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2000–2018
(EJ) Energy consumption**
- Total	1.34	2.22	3.33	3.71	4.43	5.41	5.70	6.08	6.02	3.3
- Solids***	0.62	0.98	1.28	1.23	1.57	1.69	1.86	1.89	1.97	2.4
- Liquids	0.67	1.00	1.36	1.35	1.25	1.64	1.64	1.73	1.62	1.0
- Gases	0	0.12	0.52	0,94	1.32	1.66	1.61	1.86	1.72	6.9
- Nuclear	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
- Hydro	0.04	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.19	0.24	0.24	0.21	0.22	3.9
- Other renewables	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06	0.11	0.28	0.35	0.41	0.49	14.9
Energy production
- Total	0.73	1.06	1.11	1.01	1.32	1.30	1.48	1.48	1.66	2.3
- Solids	0.58	0.78	0.81	0.68	0.89	0.65	0.76	0.74	0.82	0.1
- Liquids	0.10	0.16	0.12	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.13	0.4
- Gases	0	0.01	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02	0
- Nuclear	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
- Hydro	0.04	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.19	0.24	0.24	0.21	0.22	3.9
- Other renewables	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06	0.11	0.28	0.35	0.41	0.49	14.9
Net import (Import–Export)	0.62	1.20	2.24	2.75	3.21	4.38	4.43	4.88	4,59	4.1
- Total

TABLE 3. ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND CAPACITY

									Average annual growth rate (%)
	1980	1990	2000	2010	2015	2017	2018	2019	2010–2019*
Capacity of electrical plants (GW(e))
Thermal	2.99	9.54	16.05	32.28	41.9	46.93	46.91	47.66	4.4
Hydro	2.13	6.76	11.18	15.83	25.87	27.27	28.29	28.50	6.8
Nuclear
Wind+Geothermal+Solar		0.02	0.04	1.41	5.38	11	13.35	15.10	30.1
Total	5.12	16.32	27.26	49.52	73.15	85.2	88.55	91.27	7
Electricity production (TWh)
Thermal	11.93	34.32	93.93	155.83	179.37	212.14	209.68	175.08	1.3
Hydro	11.35	23.15	30.88	51.80	67.15	58.22	59.94	88.89	6.2
Nuclear
Wind+Geothermal+Solar		0.08	0.11	3.58	15.27	26.92	35.18	40.29	30.8
Total	23.28	57.54	124.92	211.21	261.78	297.28	304.80	304.25	4.1
Total electricity consumption (TWh)	24.62	56.81	128.28	210.43	265.72	296.70	304.17	303.67	4.2

TABLE 4. ENERGY RELATED RATIOS

	1980	1990	2000	2005	2008	2010	2015	2016	2017	2018*
Energy consumption per capita (GJ/capita)	30.12	39.94	49.86	51.51	61.04	59.90	68.66	71.46	75.28	73.31
Electricity consumption per capita (kWh/capita) (gross)	550	1006	1982	2335	2770	2854	3375	3499	3672	3709
Electricity production/Energy production (%)	11.5	19.7	40.60	57.47	59.33	57.55	72.77	66.71	72.31	66.07
Nuclear/Total electricity (%)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Ratio of external dependency (%)**	45.7.1	52.1	66.7	72.66	72.03	70.19	76.04	74.03	5.67	72.38

TABLE 5. PLANNED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Station/Project name	Type	Capacity	Construction start year	Expected commercial year
Akkuyu NPP — 1	WWER-1200	1200 MW(e)	2018	2023
Akkuyu NPP — 2	WWER-1200	1200 MW(e)	2020	2024
Akkuyu NPP — 3	WWER-1200	1200 MW(e)	2021 expected	2025
Akkuyu NPP — 4	WWER-1200	1200 MW(e)	2022 expected	2026
Sinop NPP — 1	N/A	N/A	N/A	By 2035
Sinop NPP — 2	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sinop NPP — 3	N/A	N/A	N/A
Sinop NPP — 4	N/A	N/A	N/A
3rd NPP — 1	N/A	N/A	N/A
3rd NPP — 2	N/A	N/A	N/A
3rd NPP — 3	N/A	N/A	N/A
3rd NPP — 4	N/A	N/A	N/A

TABLE 7. TURKISH UNIVERSITIES SUPPORTING NUCLEAR EDUCATION PROGRAMMES

Name	Degree*	Field	Established
Hacettepe University	B, M, D	Nuclear Engineering	1977, 1982
Istanbul Technical University	M, D		1961, 2003
Sinop University	B		2015
Ege University	M, D	Nuclear Science	1966
Hacettepe University	M, D		2003
Ankara University	M, D		2006