The Country Nuclear Power Profiles compiles background information on the status and development of nuclear power programmes in Member States. It consists of organizational and industrial aspects of nuclear power programmes and provides information about the relevant legislative, regulatory, and international frameworks in each country.

The compilation’s main objectives are to consolidate information about the nuclear power infrastructures in participating countries, and to present factors related to the effective planning, decision-making, and implementation of nuclear power programmes that together lead to safe and economic operations. Its descriptive and statistical overview of the overall economic, energy, and electricity situation in each country, and its nuclear power framework is intended to serve as an integrated source of key background information about nuclear power programmes in the world.

The CNPP website has been deployed and allows reports to be updated as and when they are delivered and revised, instead of completing yearly updates, making CNPP even more current.

The following structure was most recently revised in 2016 to include additional requirements related to nuclear power development. The new structure should be used by the CNPP Coordinators as guidance for the country nuclear power profile.

References to support the content should be provided, for example Member State websites. All information in tables and charts should include the source specified below the table. If a section is not applicable, or not available, to a particular country, then it should be stated in the report explicitly.

During compilation, CNPP Coordinators may wish to use IAEA Information Circular 2 for the official names of other Member States. In addition Taiwan, China is the IAEA preferred name for publications.

Please only include information regarding nuclear power programme, and not about other nuclear technologies (e.g. nuclear medicine).

 Lastly, the information provided should be kept brief and concise and as a guide 25-30 pages is estimated.

 

For the success of the CNPP Project it is essential to keep the CNPP reports current. CNPP reports are requested to be updated or revised annually by due date. Additional updates can be made anytime new information becomes available.

Updated CNPP reports, when reviewed and processed, are published on the CNPP website. This can be done anytime throughout the year, and reports are therefore published on an ongoing basis. Nevertheless, for the purpose of the annual CNPP publication, performed in August every year, a report can be included in a new edition only when delivered to the IAEA by June 30th.

 

The tool used to upload CNPP to the online system converts the Word document to HTML format. The Word document must be formatted with certain styles and those styles must be named exactly in the way detailed below in order to be recognised, processed, and uploaded correctly using the tool.

Styles must be assigned to headings throughout the report in the following way:

• The assigned styles to headings (style names must be unified throughout every profile):
• Title of report: ‘Title1’
• Date of update (i.e. subtitle): ‘Title date’
• First section (i.e. 1.): ‘Chapter title’

(apply this style also to References, Appendices)

• Second section (i.e. 1.1.): ‘Subsection 1’

(apply this style also to Coordinator info)

• Third section (i.e. 1.1.1.): ‘Subsection 2’
• The bookmark ‘REACTOR’ has been assigned to Table 5 (list of operational, under construction, cancelled/suspended construction, and long-term/permanent shutdown nuclear power reactors, section 2.2.1). The data for Table 5 will then be generated automatically and updated via the PRIS database. If you do not want Table 5 to be regenerated, please inform the Technical Officer.

 

Additionally, the following formatting must be used for tables and figures produced by Member States:

• The bookmarks ‘Tx’ must be assigned to Word tables that are not standard tables in the template, where x stands for 1, 2, 3…

To clarify, these tables are used to provide additional information and data. They may be used for ease of formatting, for example laws listed in one column and the relevant ratification date listed in the next. They are NOT the official tables providing information as specified in the Structure and Requirements Guide.

• Make sure all cells in all tables are properly merged:
• Delete any empty rows, however stylish they may look.
• Make sure this does not happen:

Title broken

up into separate

(but hidden) rows

• Set all pictures to be formatted as ‘In line with text’ and centred
• Make sure the titles of all figures and tables are centred (and of a standardized format, consistent at least within each profile)

 

It is recommended to use the following international standards:

• For the country names (at least for the first mention in the report) the IAEA standards:
  https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/infcirc2r78.pdf
• For maps when used for a grid system or NPP location the UN maps:
  http://research.un.org/en/maps/find
• For numbers the international standard (ISO 31-0); a dot (point on the line) as the decimal sign and a thin space for thousands separators. (For example 13 678.54)

Do not provide Table of Contents of the profile.

Complete your country name into the text below, with no addition to the preamble two paragraphs.

 

COUNTRY NAME

(Updated YEAR)

PREAMBLE

This report provides information on the status and development of nuclear power programmes in [COUNTRY NAME], including factors related to the effective planning, decision making and implementation of the nuclear power programme that together lead to safe and economical operations of nuclear power plants.

The CNPP summarizes organizational and industrial aspects of nuclear power programmes and provides information about the relevant legislative, regulatory and international framework in [COUNTRY NAME].

Provide one sentence describing the current nuclear power situation in your country. For example, “[COUNTRY NAME] has nuclear power reactors in operation and is planning expansion of existing programmes”, “[COUNTRY NAME] is considering embarking on a nuclear power programme”, etc.

 

1. COUNTRY ENERGY OVERVIEW

1.1. Energy Information

For energy units, please refer to Attachment 1.

1.1.1. Energy Policy

Briefly describe the current energy policy in terms of, for example, independence of the sector, use of domestic resources, importance of market forces, influence of climate change and effects of the Kyoto protocol. Include a short discussion on the energy resources of the country and their impact on energy policy.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

1.1.2. Estimated Available Energy

Complete Table 1 showing estimated reserves of fossil fuels and uranium, and potential renewable energy. Further explanation or references of estimated values may be included. Countries with significant resources of Thorium should add a column. Renewables should be given as a projected potential capacity over 10 year period. Calculation of EJ equivalent is optional and for renewables should be expressed for a period of 10 years. Additional information on the economic viability of renewable energy sources may be added.

Please add relevant footnotes for further explanation of components, for example if fossil fuel solids include both coal and lignite.

 

TABLE 1. ESTIMATED AVAILABLE ENERGY SOURCES

*Solid, Liquid: Million tons; Gas: Billion m³; Uranium: Metric tons; Hydro, Renewable: TW.

Source:

1.1.3. Energy Statistics

Complete Table 2 in Exajoule (EJ). In case EJ is too big unit for country statistics Petajoule (PJ) can be used but units should be clearly specified in Table heading.

The time step is 10 years plus results in 5-year step in last 10 years and in the year of latest available data. The total number of data columns should be less than 10. Calculate the growth rate for the last ten years.

To find the compound annual growth rate (CAGR), please use the following formula:^[1]

CAGR = (EV/BV)^1/n - 1

where:

EV = Ending value
BV = Beginning value
n = Number of years (10 years usually)

 

Please keep in mind that, unless the area has changed, the CAGR for population should equal the CAGR for population density.

TABLE 2. ENERGY STATISTICS

*Latest available data.

**Energy consumption = Primary energy consumption + Net import (Import - Export) of secondary energy.

***Solid fuels include coal, lignite.

Source:

1.2. The Electricity System

1.2.1. Electricity System and Decision Making Process

Provide a brief description of electricity system including planning the infrastructure. Briefly describe the future plans.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

1.2.2. Structure of Electric Power Sector

Briefly describe generation, transmission and distribution network including main organizations.

1.2.3. Main Indicators

Complete Tables 3 and 4 and provide additional text specifying how the different sources are used (e.g. base load, peak load) and specify in the table column if the capacity and electricity production are reported as gross (G) or net values (N). The time step is 10 years plus results in 5-year step in last 10 years and in the year of latest available data. The total number of data columns should be less than 10.

TABLE 3. INSTALLED CAPACITY,  ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

*Latest available data.

**Electricity transmission losses are not deducted.

Source: 

 

TABLE 4. ENERGY RELATED RATIOS

*Latest available data.

**Net import / Total energy consumption.

Source: 

2. NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION

Note: Most of this chapter is applicable to all countries either implementing or considering nuclear power programme. Some sections (e.g. 2.2, 2.5 and 2.6) may not be applicable to countries without operating or shutdown nuclear power reactors.

2.1. Historical Development and Current Organizational Structure

2.1.1. Overview

Provide a brief overview of the main decisions, rationale, and events related to the implementation and development of the nuclear power programme.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

2.1.2. Current Organizational Structure

Provide a simplified chart(s) that will present the main players involved in the nuclear power programme, their responsibilities and their relationships. For example, the government, utility, regulator, R&D support and technical support organizations etc.

2.2. Nuclear Power Plants: Overview

2.2.1. Status and Performance of Nuclear Power Plants

Table 5 is bookmarked as ‘REACTOR’. The bookmarked table will then be automatically updated (replaced) by a table generated from the PRIS database. If you do not want Table 5 to be regenerated, please inform the Technical Officer.

Warning: Table 5 generated from PRIS contains the most actual information which can be inconsistent with information in a text when the report is not updated.

TABLE 5. STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

 

For operating reactors add a brief description of the overall performance. For cancelled constructions please provide a short description of why construction was cancelled.

Optional: include a map of the country indicating the nuclear power plants.

2.2.2. Plant Upgrading, Plant Life Management and License Renewals

Provide a short description of regulatory requirements and strategy on plant upgrading, plant life management and license renewal. If applicable, please provide an overview of already implemented upgrades and license renewals. Also include main decisions, measures and corrective actions implemented based on lessons learned from the Fukushima accident.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

2.2.3 Permanent Shutdown and Decommissioning Process

For permanently shut down reactors provide a summary of the decommissioning strategy, estimated costs, the responsibility (including financial) of decommissioning, and the current situation.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

This table may be reproduced from Table 17 in the PRIS Annual Publication (RDS2).

TABLE 6. STATUS OF DECOMMISSIONING PROCESS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

 

2.3. Future Development of Nuclear Power Sector

Note: This chapter is applicable to all countries planning future development of nuclear power, both those planning expansion of existing programmes and those countries initiating a nuclear power programme.

2.3.1. Nuclear Power Development Strategy

Provide a brief description of the strategic plan, including (as appropriate):

·         Main decisions that have already been made;

·         Project framework (time scales, number of units, etc.);

·         Policies for site selection;

·         Type of contract (Turnkey, Split Package, Multi Packages);

·         Applications of nuclear power (electricity supply, heat supply, water desalination, etc.);

·         Policies for front-end and back-end nuclear fuel cycle (mining, converting, enriching, fabricating, reprocessing and managing spent fuel and waste, etc.);

·         Strategy for funding long term storage of spent fuel and final disposal, waste management and decommissioning.

Complete Table 7.

TABLE 7. PLANNED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Optional: include a map of the country indicating the potential nuclear power plants.

2.3.2. Project Management

Provide a description of the main organizations involved in the development of nuclear power (e.g. NEPIO*, owner/operator, stakeholders, construction license holder, staffing for NP project preparation and implementation). Describe their responsibilities and resources

Note: The information in this section will depend on how far the project has developed. For example, some countries may not have set up an operating organization or regulatory body, others may have a specific project organization to construct a new NPP.

*NEPIO (Nuclear energy programme implementing organization). The organization set up by the government to study and develop the initial programme.

2.3.3. Project Funding

Provide a summary of funding and financing options being considered (eg. national or regional Government funding, Export Credit Agency, international/foreign or private financing).

2.3.4. Electric Grid Development

Provide a summary of any required developments of the existing grid (e.g. grid expansion and upgrades needed to implement NPP).

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

2.3.5. Sites

Provide the list of potential sites (if available), their characteristics (e.g. Source of cooling water, existing/new site, transport infrastructure, seismicity) and their approval status from nuclear and environment regulators (e.g. Environmental Impact Assessment approved).

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

2.3.6. Public Awareness

Provide brief information of public awareness of nuclear power development at national and local levels, and in specific to the planned projects.

2.4. Organizations Involved in Construction of NPPs      

Briefly describe the main organizations involved in nuclear power plant construction related activities (e.g. architect engineering companies, reactor suppliers and main component suppliers). Include also export activities. If relevant explain any recent changes in company structure or name.

Describe the policy for national and local industrial involvement, including special facilities, e.g. heavy water production, and the strategy for developing or enhancing industrial capabilities of the country.

2.5. Organizations Involved in Operation of NPPs

Provide information about the main organizations involved in nuclear power plant operation (e.g. owners, operators, vendors, or supporting organizations).

2.6. Organizations Involved in Decommissioning of NPPs

Provide information about the main organizations (e.g. licensee, contractors) involved in nuclear power plant decommissioning.

2.7. Fuel Cycle Including Waste Management

Provide information on current activities and indicate the organizations responsible. Consider the following stages:

·         Mining and milling;

·         Uranium conversion;

·         Uranium enrichment;

·         Fuel fabrication;

·         Storage of spent fuel (e.g. wet, dry);

·         Reprocessing and disposal of high-level radioactive waste;

·         Disposal of spent fuel.

2.8. Research and Development

2.8.1. R&D Organizations

Provide information on institutes, research centres, etc., independent from the companies listed in the sections above, (e.g. atomic energy commissions and national laboratories). A description of the national policy programmes and funding could be included in this section.

2.8.2. Development of Advanced Nuclear Power Technologies

Describe the country’s engagement in the development of advanced nuclear power technologies, including implementation plans.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

2.8.3. International Co-operation and Initiatives

Briefly describe research and development activities carried out jointly with other countries and/or within the framework of international projects (e.g.: INPRO, GIF, ITER, IFNEC), technical and industrial co-operation, and transfer of know-how and technology.

2.9. Human Resources Development

Describe strategy and institutions for human resources development related to nuclear industry (e.g. educational institutions, facilities for training operation, maintenance and technical support staff).

2.10. Stakeholder Involvement

Describe strategy for interaction and communication within stakeholders (e.g. general public, local government, industry, media, and neighbouring countries).

2.11. Emergency Preparedness

Briefly present the strategy for emergency preparedness especially its national coordination. More detailed information should be referenced by a link to related documents.

3. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

3.1. Regulatory Framework

3.1.1. Regulatory Authority(s)

Briefly describe the role and responsibilities of the regulatory authority(s).

Include a brief history of the nuclear regulatory body with key dates; the organizational structure and relation to governmental organizations and the organizations responsible for radiation and environmental protection.

Please provide references to relevant documents or websites to support the text.

3.1.2. Licensing Process

Briefly describe the overall licensing process for nuclear facilities.

3.2. National Laws and Regulations in Nuclear Power

Provide a list (with date and reference) of national laws and regulations on nuclear power in the country considering for example:

Main Laws in Nuclear Power:

• Nuclear Law, establishing responsibilities for different areas; 
• Civil nuclear liability;
• Establishing a regulatory body;
• Implementing IAEA safeguards;
• Rules for environmental protection;
• Protection of intellectual property rights;
• Import and export controls of nuclear material and items;
• Security principles, including physical protection of nuclear material and facilities and protection of sensitive information;
• Roles of national government, local government, and stakeholders.

 

Main Regulations in Nuclear Power:

• Regulation for establishing an authorization system, responsibilities of the operator, inspection and enforcement;

• Site selection and approval;
• Radiation protection, including protection of the public, employees and the environment;
• Safety of nuclear installations;
• Radioactive waste and spent fuel management, including storage and disposal;
•  Decommissioning, including funding and institutional control;
•  Mining and milling;
• Emergency preparedness;
• Transport of radioactive material.

References

Provide the bibliography and suggested reading for more detailed information.

Appendix 1: International, Multilateral and Bilateral Agreements

Provide a table (with date and reference) of international agreements in the following categories:

·         International  treaties, conventions, and agreements signed/ratified by the country (see the following website for a list of the major ones http://ola.iaea.org/ola/treaties/iaea-related.html);

·         Co-operation agreements with IAEA in area of nuclear power;

·         Bilateral agreements with other countries or organizations signed/ratified by the country in the field of nuclear power.

Appendix 2: main organizations, institutions and companies involved in nuclear power related activities

Provide contact details for organizations as mentioned in Section 2 and 3 (e.g. name, address, telephone number, facsimile number, e-mail address, website address, main activities and production capabilities). Use a table form of the list.

Coordinator Information

Name of report coordinator

Institution

Contact details

Provide the name and contact of the focal person and institution coordinating the CNPP report. If there are more coordinators, please provide the appropriate main contact.

ATTACHMENT 1: PREFIXES AND CONVERSION FACTORS

Do not include the following tables in the profile, as they are only meant as tools for the preparation of the report.