This publication is intended as a guide for radiotherapy centres making the transition from 2-D radiotherapy through 3-D conformal to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and takes into account training, equipment, and other considerations necessary for the safe installation of a modern radiation oncology programme. Although the initial costs of implementing 3-D conformal radiotherapy treatment are high, the transition mapped out in these guidelines can significantly improve patients’ medical outcomes and quality of care.