Radioactive sources are used extensively around the world in medical, industrial, agricultural and research applications. However, their safety and security remain a matter of concern. Loss of control, sometimes as a result of inadequate regulatory oversight, has resulted in ‘orphan’ sources. Such sources have led, in some cases, to serious injuries, even death. In recent years, additional concerns have emerged related to the possibility that sources might be used for malicious purposes. These concerns reinforce the importance of ensuring that proper control of radioactive sources is established and maintained throughout the world. This conference was held with the aim of generating an exchange of information on these issues. These proceedings contain the addresses and the invited papers presented, as well as records of the discussions and the findings of the conference. The contributed papers are available on a CD-ROM that is included with this volume.