This publication is intended for decision makers in countries generating radioactive effluents in the areas of medicine, education, research and industry. It provides guidance and information on how to implement and optimize radioactive effluent management practices and describes methodologies, criteria and options for the selection of appropriate technology for the discharge of liquid radioactive effluents into the sewer system. The publication reviews both technical and non-technical factors important for decision making and planning, and for the implementation of the most appropriate process design for effluent discharges at the country and facility levels. It also makes practical recommendations for the selection of decay storage arrangements for different scales of radioactive effluent generation.