This publication is intended to assist health managers, nuclear medicine physicians and referring physicians involved in the management of cancer patients through further application of positron emission tomography (PET) technology. PET is currently used in conjunction with computed tomography (PET/CT), 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and other radiopharmaceuticals to detect and target cancer more effectively within the body. Its clinical role could be expanded to include a number of other clinical scenarios such as the detection of occult cancers, preoperative staging of cancers, confirmation of suspected recurrences, radiation treatment planning and monitoring of patient response to therapy. This publication is a useful resource for specialists in nuclear medicine and in oncology,aiming to improve clinical management of cancer patients through these techniques.