This publication presents information on some of the advanced applications of water cooled nuclear power plants. Currently, nuclear energy provides approximately 15.2% of the world’s electricity. Through advanced applications, nuclear energy has considerable potential to penetrate energy sectors reliant on fossil fuels which are subject to price volatility, finite supply and environmental concerns. Advanced applications of nuclear energy include seawater desalination, district heating, heat for industrial processes, and electricity and heat for hydrogen production. In addition, there is considerable near term potential for nuclear power to contribute as a carbon-free source of electricity for charging plug-in hybrid vehicles.