The purpose of this publication is to provide practical guidance for planners to efficiently and effectively prepare, conduct and evaluate emergency response exercises. It also provides guidance to be used at the stage of preparedness for establishment of the emergency preparedness programme. This publication covers response exercises for emergencies involving all types of nuclear or radiological practices, given in threat categories I to V, as described in IAEA Safety Standards Series no. GS-R-2 and the EPR-Method (2003).