Building upon earlier IAEA publications on this topic, this Safety Report reviews how challenges to the maintenance of nuclear power plants can affect safety culture. It also highlights indications of a weakening safety culture. The challenges described are in areas such as maintenance management, human resources management, plant condition assessment and the business environment. The steps that some Member States have taken to address safety culture aspects are being detailed and singled out as good practices, with a view to disseminating and exchanging experiences and lessons learned.