The scope of this publication covers all of the management activities related to modernization of I&C systems in nuclear power plants, including the evaluation of all I&C systems to determine which can be successfully maintained and which need to be modernized. It also includes large, comprehensive modernization programmes that will modernize a large number of I&C systems, small modernization programmes that will modernize a very few I&C systems, and all of the possibilities in-between. The scope covers highly integrated systems and projects as well as stand-alone systems and projects.