This Safety Report provides practical information on the application of the principle of the optimization of radiation protection in the workplace. It emphasizes the importance of integrating radiation protection into the work management system and of the involvement of management and workers alike in setting up and implementing a radiation protection system. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Optimization process; 3. Assessment of exposure situations; 4. Means of reducing exposure; 5. Defining and implementing an ALARA plan; 6. Conclusions; Annex I: Decision aiding techniques; Annex II: ALARA checklists; Annex III: Monetary value of the unit collective dose.