Ion exchange is one of the most common and effective treatment methods for liquid radioactive waste. Various aspects of ion exchange technology are being actively studied in many countries to improve efficiency and economy. Spent ion exchangers are considered to be problematic waste that in many cases requires special approaches and precautions during its immobilization to meet the acceptance criteria for disposal. This books reviews and updates the current literature on the subject and reports on the existing state of the art of the application of ion exchange processes for liquid radioactive waste treatments and of the management of spent ion exchange media.