This is the first report reviewing some of the aspects of the recovery and utilization of caesium and strontium from high level waste and the consequent impacts on high level waste management strategy. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. Current and future arisings of 137Cs and 90Sr from spent nuclear fuel; 3. Potential applications for 137Cs and 90Sr; 4. Impact of fission product separation on high level waste management; 5. Methods for recovery and immobilization of 137Cs and 90Sr; 6. Economic aspects; 7. Public acceptability of radiation sources; 8. Conclusions; Appendix: Some aspects of solvent extraction methods for caesium and strontium recovery from HLW.