This guidebook summarizes the experience of individual countries on the role of the R&D organization in developing their nuclear power programmes. Contents: 1. Introduction; 2. The role of the R&D organization; 3. Establishing the R&D organization; 4. Managing the R&D organization; References; Appendix I: The role of R&D in developing Canada’s nuclear power programmes; Appendix II: Indian experience in R&D activities for nuclear power; Appendix III: Spanish experience in R&D activities for the nuclear power programme; Appendix IV: The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and the United Kingdom Nuclear Power Programme; Appendix V: The Electric Power Research Institute and its nuclear R&D programme.