SLOVAKIA
1. ENERGY, ECONOMIC AND ELECTRICITY INFORMATION
1.1 General Overview
The size of the Slovak Republic is 49 036 km2 with 40% of the area situated
up to the elevation of 300 m, 45% at the elevation between 300 and 800 m, and
15% at the elevation above 800 m. The lowest point is the mouth of Bodrog river
at the elevation of 94 m and the highest situated point is Gerlachov peak at
the elevation of 2655 m. Agricultural surface covers 49.9% from the entire Slovak
territory, and forest surface 40.6%. The longest dimension in the east-west
direction is 428 km and in the north-south direction 195 km. The Slovak Republic
is a new country situated in the Central Europe. It was established on January
1, 1993. It is situated between 16º50'04" and 22º34'20"
of east longitude, and between 47º35'55" and 49º36'54" of
northern latitude (Fig. 1) in mild zone. The average annual temperature - a
long-term average between 1901 and 1950 - is 10.1ºC in Bratislava and the
average rainfall is 670 mm. Table 1 shows typical parameters from the Meteorological
stations Jaslovské Bohunice and Mochovce.
In 2000, there were about 5.4 millions inhabitants and density of the population
was 110 inhabitants per km2 (Table 2). 2.4 millions people were economically
active, out of which 0.92 millions in industry and transport, 0.18 millions
in agriculture, 0.49 millions in trade and services, and 0.81 millions in non-productive
spheres.

FIG. 1. Map of the Slovak Republic
TABLE 1. SELECTED PARAMETERS FROM METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS IN BOHUNICE AND MOCHOVCE
|
Parameter |
Unit |
Jaslovské
Bohunice |
Mochovce |
|
Elevation above sea |
m |
176 |
261 |
|
Average
annual temperature |
oC |
9.3 |
9.1 |
|
Average
annual humidity |
% |
76 |
75 |
|
Average
annual rainfall |
mm |
548 |
560 |
|
Dominant
wind direction |
|
north-west |
north-west |
|
Wind velocity |
m/s |
3.4 |
1.7 |
Source: Country Information
TABLE 2. POPULATION INFORMATION
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Growth |
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rate (%) |
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1980 |
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1960 |
1970 |
1980 |
1990 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000 |
2001 |
To |
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2000 |
|
Population (millions) |
|
4.1 |
4.5 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
5.4 |
0.4 |
|
Population density (inhabitants/km˛) |
85 |
92 |
105 |
107 |
109 |
109 |
110 |
110 |
110.2 |
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Urban population as percent of total |
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|
57 |
57 |
57 |
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Area (1000 km˛) |
49.0 |
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Source: IAEA Energy and Economic Database; Data & Statistics/The World Bank
1.1.1. Economic Indicators
The development of the gross domestic product (GDP) over the last ten years
is shown in Table 3. The GDP and GDP per capita decreased compared with 1998.
The 1996 energy consumption is shown in Fig. 2 whilst Fig. 3 shows the 1996
GDP and 1996 final energy consumption by sector. Projections of GDP in billion
Slovak crowns, final energy consumption in PJ and energy requirements in PJ/billion
Slovak crowns are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 3. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
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1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995a |
1996a |
1997a |
1998a |
1999a |
2000 |
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GDP(b) |
15,444 |
10,837 |
11,742 |
11,984 |
13,766 |
18,400 |
19,800 |
20,400 |
21,300 |
19,700 |
19.273 |
|
GDP(c) per capita |
2,923 |
2,051 |
2,213 |
2,251 |
2,574 |
3,451 |
3,706 |
3,789 |
3,951 |
3,651 |
3.570 |
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GDP by sector (%) : |
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-Agriculture |
7 |
6 |
5 |
6 |
7 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
4 |
4 |
|
|
-Industry |
59 |
60 |
38 |
41 |
33 |
36 |
37 |
34 |
32 |
32 |
|
|
-Services |
33 |
34 |
57 |
53 |
60 |
59 |
59 |
62 |
64 |
64 |
|
(a) Data & Statistics/The World Bank (b) Millions of current US$ (c) Current
US$ per capita
Source: IAEA Energy and Economic Data Base; Data&Statistics/The World Bank);
Country Information.

FIG. 2. 1996 Energy Consumption

FIG. 3. 1996 GNP and final energy by Sectors
TABLE 4. CURRENT AND PROJECTED DEVELOPMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) IN CONSTANT 1990 PRICES<
|
Year |
Development
of GNP |
Final
energy consumption |
Energy
requirements |
|
|
|
billion
Sk |
inter
annual index |
PJ |
PJ/billion
Sk |
|
1990 |
243.6 |
100.0 |
729 |
3.0 |
|
1991 |
208.3 |
85.5 |
|
|
|
1992 |
203.3 |
97.6 |
|
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|
1993 |
196.8 |
96.8 |
555 |
2.8 |
|
1994 |
206.0 |
104.7 |
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1995 |
221.2 |
107.4 |
586 |
2.6 |
|
1997 |
587.0* |
- |
780 |
- |
|
2000 |
254.1 |
114.9 |
639 |
2.6 |
|
2005 |
294.6 |
115.9 |
666 |
2.3 |
|
2010 |
341.9 |
116.1 |
698 |
2.1 |
Source: Country Information 1 USD @ 50 Sk
1.1.2. Energy Situation
Slovakia has only a limited amount of available domestic energy resources, i.e.
brown coal, oil, natural gas and renewable resources (Table 5.1). A breakdown
of the fossil fuel resources is given in Table 5.2. The energy potential of
renewable resources in Slovakia is approximately 5% from the total annual consumption
of primary energy resources (Table 6). Table 7.1 shows the basic energy statistics
and Table 7.2 the 1999 energy balance. The historical development of primary
energy consumption is given in Table 8.
TABLE 5.1. ESTIMATED ENERGY RESERVES
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Estimated energy reserves in |
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(Exajoule) |
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