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Department of Nuclear
Energy |
2003 Edition |
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COUNTRY NUCLEAR POWER PROFILES |
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FOREWORD
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CONTRIBUTORS
TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW
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FOREWORD |
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The CNPP covers background information on the status and development of nuclear power programmes in countries having nuclear plants in operation and/or plants under construction. It reviews the organizational and industrial aspects of nuclear power programmes in participating countries, and provides information about the relevant legislative, regulatory and international frameworks in each country. The CNPP compiles the current issues in the new environment within which the electricity and nuclear sector operates, i.e. energy policy, and privatization and deregulation in these sectors, the role of government, nuclear energy and climate change, and safety and waste management, which differ from country to country. The IAEA officers responsible for the overall co-ordination and preparation of this publication were S.K. Cho and M. Szikszaine-Tabori of the Division of Nuclear Power. |
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INTRODUCTION |
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The CNPP compiles background information on the status and development of nuclear power programmes in countries having operating nuclear plants and/or plants under construction as of 1 January 2003, and in countries actively engaged in planning such a programme. It presents historical information on energy supply and demand; reviews the organizational and industrial aspects of nuclear power programmes in participating countries for the same period; and provides information about the relevant legislative, regulatory and international framework in each country. Topics such as reactor safety, nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste management and research programmes are for the most part not discussed in detail. Statistical data about nuclear plant operations, population, energy and electricity use are largely drawn from the PRIS and EEDB sources as of year end 2002 and from the national contributions. However, the 2001 and 2002 EEDB data are extrapolated on the basis of trends in the second half of the 1990s. The compilation's main objectives are to consolidate information about the nuclear power infrastructures in participating countries, and to present factors related to the effective planning, decision making and implementation of nuclear power programmes that together lead to safe and economic operations. Altogether 30 IAEA Member States having operating nuclear power plants, as well as the Islamic Republic of Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Turkey and Vietnam have contributed information to the publication's major sections. Designated experts from these countries participated in a series of advisory and consultants meetings covering specific subject areas, as well as the structure, scope and preparation of the publication. The publication's descriptive and statistical overview of the overall economic, energy and electricity situation in each country, and its nuclear power framework is intended to serve as an integrated source of key background information about nuclear power programmes in the world. Each of the 36 profiles in this publication is self-standing and contains information officially provided by the respective national authorities. This publication is updated and the scope of coverage is expanded annually. To facilitate the review of information and performing of analyses by the reader, five annexes have been added to the profiles: Annex I provides an overview of the global development of advanced nuclear power plants covering all reactor types, i.e. water cooled reactors, gas cooled reactors, and liquid metal cooled reactors. Annex II provides four summary tables for the year 2002 with PRIS and EEDB data. It contains the status of nuclear power reactors in Member States, individual reactors connected to the grid and under construction, and the main EEDB data (population, economic, energy, electricity and energy related ratio data). Annex III is prepared in HTML format to facilitate easy and direct access to web sites of nuclear related organizations on the CD-ROM edition and is not reproduced in this hard copy edition. However, each country profile contains an Appendix "Directory of the main organizations, institutions and companies involved in nuclear power related activities", with addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers, and web sites. Annexe IV contains information from Bangladesh. This country has submitted relevant information within the framework of the IAEA activity on the integrated approach to nuclear power programme planning. In addition, the Secretariat has added the EEDB data and the international agreements. |
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STRUCTURE AND CONTENTS |
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NOTE: Information for this section could be
provided in a concise form pointing to official links
already available on the Internet or references for
more detailed information. For
energy units, please refer to the Attachment at the end
of this outline. 1.1.
General overview o
Geographic
situation, climate, etc. (brief description covering
only information which is relevant in
connection with
energy/nuclear power)1 o Population (total, density and growth rate)2 o Include map of country, if
possible1 o Gross domestic product
(GDP) (total, per capita, per sector and growth rate) 2 o Primary energy resources
and reserves (fossil fuels, renewable sources and uranium)2 o Primary energy
consumption (energy supply/demand balance for most
recent year and
time series, energy consumption per capita and per
sector and import/export balance) 2 1.2.
Energy policy
1 Brief description of current energy policy in terms of, for example, independence of the sector, use of domestic resources, importance of market forces, influence of climate change and the impact of Kyoto protocol in the energy policy. Discussion on the energy resources of the country and their impact on energy policy. (Changes in energy policy should be included in Section 4.) 1.3. The
electricity
system
1 o
General
description of the decision making process in the
electricity sector, including planning the electricity
system; o
Expansion
of electricity
system; o
Power
generation; o Generation
cost o
Transmission o
Power
balance issues. 2.
NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION 1 2.1. Historical development and current nuclear power
organizational structure1 2.1.1.
Overview
Brief overview on the main decisions and events
related to the implementation and development of the
nuclear programme. 2.1.2. Current
organizational chart(s)
The chart(s) might cover institutional
relationships, for example, licensing authorization, financial
relationships, i.e. share holdings, and
technical/operational relationships, i.e. supply of
equipment, materials or services. 2.2. Nuclear power plants: status and operations 1
The main organizations, institutes and companies
involved in nuclear power related activities; the
boundaries of 'nuclear power activities' might be
adapted to the national situation according to the
judgement of the drafter; whenever possible,
organizational charts should be provided, a short text
describing the various entities is desirable but not
essential. The drafter for each country should indicate the criteria
for the choice of the main organizations presented in this
section. The activities performed by the organizations
and institutions should also be mentioned here. 2.2.1. Status of nuclear
power plants Status
of nuclear power plants (NPPs) in operation and under
construction, as well as suspension and cancellations of units
under construction, permanently shut down and
decommissioned. 2.2.2. Performance of
NPPs
Performance of NPPs,
nuclear electricity generation and share in total
electricity generation 2.2.3. Plant upgrading
and plant life management 2.2.4. Nuclear power
development: projections and plans 2.2.5. Decommissioning: information and plans 2.3. Supply of NPPs 1
Including architect engineer, nuclear steam
supply systems (NSSS) and main
component suppliers 2.4.
Operation of NPPs 1
Indicating owners/operators if relevant,
operation and maintenance service suppliers and
operator training. 2.5.
Fuel cycle and
waste
management
1
Covering all activities from uranium mining to
spent fuel management and waste disposal. (Refer to
Country Nuclear Fuel Cycle) o
Uranium
mining and milling, o
Uranium
conversion o
Enrichment
process o
Uranium
fuel fabrication o
Interim
storage of spent fuel, o
Reprocessing o
Waste
management. 2.6.
Research and development
1 2.6.1. R&D
organizations
and institutes 1 Institutes, research centres, etc., independent from the companies listed in the sections above, e.g. atomic energy commissions and national laboratories. A description of the national policy, programmes and funding could be included in this section. 2.6.2.
Development of advanced and new generation nuclear
reactor systems 1
Description of the country’s engagement in the
development of advanced nuclear reactors, including
implementation plans and all necessary details. 2.7.
International co-operation and
initiatives
1
Brief description of research and development
activities carried out jointly with other countries
and/or within the framework of international projects,
technical and industrial co-operation and transfer of
know-how and technology (including an annex of
international, multilateral and bilateral agreements). 2.8. Human resources development 1 3. NATIONAL
LAWS AND REGULATIONS 1 3.1.
Safety authority and the
licensing
process
Brief description of the role and
responsibilities of the safety authority and the
overall licensing process for nuclear facilities 3.2.
Main national
laws and
regulations in
nuclear
power
List of the essential legal texts regulating
nuclear power in the country, with reference to the
original publications; including a brief summary of the
mechanisms in place for financing decommissioning and
waste disposal 4. CURRENT ISSUES
AND DEVELOPMENTS IN NUCLEAR POWER 4.1. Energy
policy
Current energy policy developments. 4.2.
Privatization and deregulation
General description of open market issues and
their influence on nuclear sector reorganization
Mention de-regulation, competition;
privatization, mergers and acquisitions affect or may
affect the electricity and nuclear sector. A discussion on
the regulatory and legislative
framework in the context of privatization and
de-regulation, could be included. 4.3. Role of the government in the nuclear R&D 4.4. Nuclear
energy and climate change 4.5. Safety and waste management issues 4.6.
Other issues Including future developments. References
Bibliography (suggested reading for more
detailed information). Appendix 1 International,
Multilateral and Bilateral Agreements List of international conventions and bilateral agreements signed/ratified by the country in the
field of nuclear power. Appendix 2 Directory
of the main organizations, institutions and companies
involved in nuclear power related activities
As mentioned in Section 2 (name, address,
telephone number, facsimile number, e-mail address, web
site address, main activities and production capabilities). 1 2 |
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COUNTRY PROFILES
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Annex I: Overview
of Global Development of Advanced Nuclear Power Plants
Appendix:
PREFIXES AND CONVERSION FACTORS TABLE 1. PREFIXES
TABLE 2. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ENERGY
TABLE 3. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR MASS
TABLE 4. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR VOLUME
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Disclaimer: The views expressed in the documents available from this web server do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA, the governments of the nominating Member States or the nominating organizations. Throughout the text names of Member States are retained as they were when the text was compiled. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. |
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