Viet Nam

(July 2010)

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1. Country overview

1.1.1. Governmental System

The Government is an executive agency of National Assembly and is the highest administrative agency of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. Government is subjected to the mechanism of supervising of and reporting to the National Assembly, the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, and President. Government term is 5 years. The head of the Government is Prime Minister; under the Prime Minister are Deputy Prime Ministers, the Ministers and Heads of ministerial-level agencies.

The Government of Viet Nam has 18 ministries and 4 ministerial-level agencies. In addition, there are 8 agencies directly under the management of the Government Office.

Administrative system of Viet Nam includes three levels:

- Province and city directly under the central government;

- District, town or city directly under province; and

- Ward, commune, town directly under district.

 

1.1.2. Geography and Climate

Viet Nam is located in the Indochina peninsula, the Southeast Asia region. Viet Nam's territory runs along the east coast of the peninsula. Viet Nam has a land border with China (1281 km), Laos (2130 km) and Cambodia (1228 km) and 3444 km long coastline contiguous to Gulf of Tonkin, East Sea and Gulf of Thailand.

Viet Nam has an area of 331,212 km ², including approximately 327,480 km ² land and more than 4,200 km² marine aquatic internal, with more than 2,800 islands, reefs beaches large and small, near and offshore, including Hoang Sa and Truong Sa islands; a local marine areas, territorial waters, exclusive economic and continental shelf with an area of over 1 million km². Terrain is covered with hills (40%) and mountains full of forests (40%), while the flat land accounts for less than about 20%. The North consists of plateaus and the Red River Delta, which covers an area of about 14,862 km2; The Central is a coastal lowland, the plateaus and the Truong Son Mountain Range; and the South has the Mekong River Delta, which covers an area of about 40,604 km2. The highest point of Viet Nam is 3143 meters at the top of Phan Si Pan, the Hoang Lien Son mountain range. Area of arable land accounts for 17% of the total land area of Viet Nam. Viet Nam has many mineral mines on land, natural forests and offshore oil, gas.

Viet Nam climate is tropical monsoon in the South with two seasons (the rainy season, from mid May to mid September and the dry season, from mid October to mid April) and the monsoon climate in the North with four distinct seasons (Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter). Lying along the coast, Viet Nam climate is conditioned in part by sea currents and takes many factors of maritime climate. Relative average humidity is 84% throughout the year. Viet Nam has a.nnual rainfall from 1200 to 3000 mm, about 1,500 hours to 3,000 hours of sunshine per year and temperatures from 5° C to 37° C. Viet Nam has always to prevent storms and flooding with 5 to 10 storms per year.

1.1.3. Population

As of 31 December 2008, the population of the country is 86.21 million, of which 72% lived in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. Major urban centres are Ha Noi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh city, which population and population density are as follows:

- Ha Noi: 6,116 millions and 1,826 inhabitants/km2

- Da Nang: 0.818 millions and 651 inhabitants/km2, and

- Ho Chi Minh City: 6.616 millions and 3,150 inhabitants/km2.

The country's average population density is 260 inhabitants/km2. But it varies from one area to another. While the population density is approximately 934 in the northern Red River Delta and 436 in the southern Mekong Delta, the population density is 118 in the Northern midland and mountain areas and only 93 in the Central Highlands.

TABLE 1: POPULATION INFORMATION Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
Population (Millions) 41.7 53.7 66.0 77.6 83.1 86.2 1.4
Population Density (Inhabitants/km2) 125.0 161.0 200.0 234.0 251.0 260.0 -
Urban Population as % of Total - - - 24.0 27.0 28.0 3.6
Area (1000 km2) 331.2

* Latest available data

Source: Viet Nam Statistical Yearbook 2008

1.1.4. Economic Data

The period 2001-2005 witnessed significant innovations in Viet Nam’s economic growth, economy structure transition, hunger elimination and poverty reduction, foreign investment attraction... which created important driving forces contributing to the success of the socio-economic development cause of the Country.

The average GDP growth rate in the period 2000-2008 reached 7.54%. The GDP per capita increased from US$ 402 in 2000 (at constant 2000 US$) to US$ 1034 at current 2008 US$ (equivalent to US$ 883 at constant 2000 US$).

During the past eight years (2000-2008) there were changes in density of economic sectors. Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing density decreased from 24.53% in 2000 to 22.1% in 2008, industry increased from 36.73% in 2000 to 39.73% in 2008, while services has been maintained at 38.17% in 2008 compared to 38.74% in 2000.

TABLE 2: GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
GDP (Millions of Current US$) 31.5 53.1 89.1 7.5
GDP (Millions of Constant 2000 US$) 31.2 43.7 76.1 -
GDP Per Capita (PPP* US$/Capita) 1 966.0 3 071.0 2 800.0 -
GDP Per Capita (Current US$/Capita) 402.0 639.0 1 034.0 -

* PPP: Purchasing Power Parity

** Latest available data

National economic development for the period 2006-2030 are projected in three (3) scenarios high, base, and low with the GDP average annual growth rates are 8.2%, 7.2%, and 6.9%, respectively.

1.2. Energy Information

1.2.1. Estimated available energy

TABLE 3: ESTIMATED AVAILABLE ENERGY RESOURCES
Fossil Fuels Nuclear Renewables
Solid (surveyed data as of 01 JAN 2005 Liquid and Gas (Bill. TOE) Uranium (U3O8 content > 0.015) Hydro Other Renewable and Small Hydro
Total Amount in Specific Units* 5,883 Estimated: 3.8 - 4.2  Ascertained: 1.05 - 1.14 254,000 Technical Potential: 31,000        Economic & Technical Potential: 18 - 20 5,300
       
Total Amount in Exajoules [EJ] 246,309.44 Estimated: 159.1 - 175.85 Ascertained: 43.96 - 47.73 21,031.2 Technical Potential: 0.11                  Economic & Technical Potential: 0.06 - 0.07 0.20

* Solid, Liquid & Gas: Billion TOE; Uranium: Metric tons; Hydro, Renewable: GW

Source: Pre-FS Report on the Ninh Thuan NPP Project, IE, Aug. 2009

1.2.2. Energy Statistics

TABLE 4: ENERGY STATISTICS Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
ENERGY CONSUMPTION** 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL 19 546.00 32 235.00 36 481.00 43 202.00 4.26
- Solids 2 212.00 4 372.00 5 351.00 8 289.00 11.20
- Liquids 2 860.00 7 917.00 12 122.00 13 819.00 9.32
- Gases 7.70 1 441.00 537.00 540.00 -7.82
- Nuclear - - - - -
- Hydro 2 063.00 4 314.00 4 051.00 5 844.00 4.43
- Other Renewables 12 421.00 14 191.00 14 779.00 14 710.00 0.46
ENERGY PRODUCTION 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL     62 975.00 65 016.00 0.01
- Solids***     19 092.00 22 275.00 0.06
- Liquids     18 552.00 15 772.00 -0.05
- Gases     6 402.00 6 964.00 0.03
- Nuclear     - - -
- Hydro     3 835.00 5 881.00 0.18
- Other Renewables     14 794.00 14 724.00 0.00
NET IMPORT (IMP - EXP) 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL     42 151.00 39 502.00 -0.02

* Latest available data

** Energy consumption = Primary energy consumption + Net import (Import - Export) of secondary energy.

*** Solid fuels include coal, lignite

1 KTOE = 41.868 TJ (1 TJ = 1012 J, 1 EJ = 106 TJ = 1018J)

Source: Vietnam Energy Statistics 2008

1.2.3. Energy policy

With the target of serving to industrialization and modernization cause of the country, increasing people's living standards, the Viet Nam's Energy Policy consists of the following basic issues:

- Sustainable development and environment protection;

- Efficient use and preservation of energy;

- Energy prices;

- Investment for energy development;

- Development of new and renewable energies;

- Import, export and international cooperation in the energy sector;

- Ensuring of energy supply;

- Science and technology development in the energy sector; and

- Restructure of organizational and managerial system in the energy sector.

1.3. Electricity system

1.3.1. Electricity policy and decision making process

Electricity Policy

- Ensure electricity supply security to socio-economic development;

- Diversifying investment types for development of electricity generation sources and transmission,

- Step by step privatise power plants and distribution companies;

- Separate public benefit activities form business activities. While continues subsidize to the electricity activities in remote areas;

- Enhance international cooperation and integration;

- Step by step establish and develop electricity market;

- Study on nuclear power development; and

- Ensure sustainable development. Minimize impact to environment

Some Implementation Measures:

Electricity Price

- At present, the Government continues to directly manage electricity price to customers.

- The price has been being step by step adjusted to meet long-term margin cost of the system;

- Improve and complete current electricity tariff.

Mobilization of investment sources

- Issue domestic and foreign bonds;

- Joint- venture with foreign and domestics companies and business;

- Privatisation of power companies;

- Call upon foreign investments: FDI, ODA, loan...

Establish and develop electricity market

- Separate functions of State management from electricity businesses. Electricity businesses have only functions of management on production and carrying on business;

- Establish a Regulatory Body responsible for making decision on electricity price and legal issues related to electricity activities;

- Restructure electricity branch into generation, transmission, and distribution. Step by step commercialise each field.

Plan after 2010

- Electric power plants of EVN, BOT, IPP will participate in the electricity market in accordance with a competitive mechanism and electricity prices will be offered by every hour;

- Distribution companies are independent;

- The State still owns and controls transmission companies.

Decision making process

Decisions for electricity development include strategy, program, master plan, and project. Strategy and program reflect a long-term strategic viewpoint of the Government; master plan makes a development planning for a period from 10-15 year (updated every 5 years); project is for concrete construction of electric power plant(s), transmission line system...

Before making decision, the Government assigns on ministry (called assigning ministry) to prepare draft document and send to relevant ministries, agencies for review, comment and suggestion. Based on gathering opinions, the assigning ministry either to revise the document or explanation the reason why it maintains its opinion(s).

After that, the assigning ministry will submit the document to the Prime Minister for decision. Depending on the document type, the decision will be made by National Assembly, Government, Prime Minister or Minister.

1.3.2. Structure of electric power sector

The status of electricity system in Viet Nam

From 1990 to 2008, commercial electricity increased more than 11.6 times with the average growth rate of 14.6% per year. In 2007 and 2008 due to the impact of the world economic crisis, the growth rates decreased to 13.7% and 12.9%, respectively. National electricity transmission grid has covered all provinces throughout the country: by end of 2008, 100% of the districts, 97.26% of the communes and 94.03% of rural households in Viet Nam have accessed electricity.

The status of electricity generation sources: By the end of 2008, the total installed capacity is 15,854 MW available capacity is 15,278 MW. Average electricity production growth rate in the period 1996-2000 is 13.5% per year, in 2001-2005 is 14.7% per year; but in 2006-2008 dropped to 12.3% per year. The total electricity production amount in 2008 reached 75.956 billion kWh.

The status on electricity transmission grid: By the end of 2008, 500 kV transmission lines system is 3,286 km, the total capacity of 500 kV transformer stations is 7,050 MVA, the total length of 220 kV transmission lines is 7,101 km, the total capacity of 220 kV transformer station is 18,639 MVA.

Main organizations

* Government

- The owner of capitals, assets, property of the State at the electricity businesses;

- Decide on price tariff for end-customers;

- Enact decisions, decrees, regulations... and

- Approve planning and plans for electricity development.

* Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT)

- Manage and regulate electricity activities and uses;

- Direct the implementation of decrees issued by the Government;

- Enact specific regulatory documents; and

- Organize formulation and appraisement of the planning and plans for electricity development.

* Electricity Regulatory Authority of Viet Nam

- Assist the MOIT Minister in regulating competitive electricity market activities;

- Advise the MOIT Minister on making decision on cost frames of electricity generation, wholesale, transmission, distribution, and other service in the competitive electricity market.

- License electricity activities;

* Vietnam Electricity (EVN)

Viet Nam Electricity (EVN) is the unique state-owned electricity group in Viet Nam operating under management of the MOIT. Electricity supply regime is divided according to the regions: northern, central, and southern. Supply system operation and management responsibilities in each region are Northern Elect. Co., Central Elect. Co., Southern Elect. Co., Ha Noi Elect. Co., and Ho Chi Minh Elect. Co. Under EVN, there are A/Es, electrical power plans, and transmission companies.

* Non-EVN Electricity Generation Companies

At present, there are BOT, IPP, joint-stock electricity power generation and distribution companies. By the end of 2008, total installed capacity of non-EVN electricity generation companies accounts for 29.9% of total electricity installed capacity of Viet Nam.

1.3.3. Main indicators

TABLE 5: ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION & CAPACITY Average Annual Growth Rate (%)
Capacity of Electrical Plants [GWe] 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL 560.00 1 180.00 2 120.00 6 480.00 11 950.00 12 640.00 11.88
- Thermal 400.00 890.00 1 400.00 3 000.00 7 500.00 9 160.00 25.67
- Hydro 160.00 250.00 680.00 3 400.00 4 130.00 5 430.00 0.06
- Nuclear - - - - - - -
- Other Renewables - 40.00 50.00 80.00 320.00 750.00 104.69
Electricity Production (TWh) 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL** 2 130.00 4 100.00 8 720.00 26 590.00 53 460.00 75 960.00 22.21
- Thermal 1 510.00 2 900.00 3 350.00 11 380.00 29 250.00 46 120.00 38.16
- Hydro 620.00 1 200.00 5 370.00 14 550.00 21 450.00 25 980.00 9.82
- Nuclear - - - - - - -
- Other Renewables - 110.00 0.00 660.00 2 760.00 3 850.00 60.41
Total Electricity Consumption (TWh) 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008 2000 - 2008
TOTAL 2 120.00 4 210.00 8 720.00 26 590.00 52 460.00 75 960.00 0.23

**Electricity transmission losses are not deducted.

Source: IE

TABLE 6: Energy Related Ratios
1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 2008
Energy Consumption Per Capita (GJ/Capita) 12.0 7.2 7.9 20.9 28.5 35.5
Electricity Consumption Per Capita (kWh/Capita) 49.6 78.4 131.8 289.0 567.0 789.0
Electricity Production/Energy Production (%) - - 3.8 5.3 7.5 10.1
Nuclear/Total Electricity (%) - - - - - -
Ratio of External Dependency (%)** - - -1.0 -36.1 -48.8 -24.6

**Net import / Total energy consumption.

Source: IE

TABLE 6.5: STRUCTURE OF THE GENERATING MIX (2008)
Type of Plant Capacity [MW] Share (%) Electricity [GWh] Share (%)
TOTAL 15 859.00 100.00 75 956.00 100.00
Hydro 5 946.00 37.50 25 984.00 34.20
Thermal 9 163.00 57.80 46 121.00 60.70
GT, Diesel, Renewable 200.00 1.26 631.00 0.80
Import 550.00 3.44 3 220.00 4.20

Source: EVN

Forecasting electricity demand period 2010 - 2025 with vision to 2030

Due to the short-term impact of the World economic crisis, it is forecasted that electricity demand in the years 2009-2010 will grow at 12% per year and total electricity generation amount will reach 95.5 billion kWh in 2010. The three electricity development scenarios for the period from 2011 - 2030 are as follows:

- High scenario: with the assumption that Viet Nam economy will be recovered in 2010 with the average GDP growth rate is over 8% in the period 2011-2015, the electricity demand is projected to increase to about 17% per year in 2011-2015, then decrease to 12.8% in 2016-2020, 8.4% per year 2021-2025, and 6.8% per year in 2026-2030.

- Base scenario: with the assumption that the average GDP growth rate is 7.5% and electricity demand will increase to about 15% per year in the period 2011-2015, then 10.7% per year it the period 2016-2020, 8.1% per year in 2021-2025, and 6.9% per year in 2026-2030.

- Low scenario: with assumption that the impact of the World economic crisis to Viet Nam will last a few years after 2010, electricity demand increases less than 13% per year; then 9.7% per year in the period 2016-2020, 7.7% per year in 2021-2025, and from 6.9% per year in 2026 - 2030.

2. NUCLEAR POWER SITUATION

2.1. Historical development and current organizational structure

2.1.1. Overview

Since 1996, studies on sustainable energy development, including taking into consideration of the role of nuclear power in the national energy system, have been being carried out in Viet Nam. Many ministries, organization, universities, and research institutes have been involved in the studies.

During the period 1996-2008, the Government of Viet Nam has approved and provided financial budgets to the following programme and projects:

- National Programme on Sustainable Energy Development (1996-2000);

- Project on General Study on the Introduction of Nuclear Power into Viet Nam (1996-1999);

- Project on Study and Elucidation of the Aspects of Nuclear Power Development in Viet Nam (2002-2004);

- Project on Formulation of the Strategy for Atomic Energy Utilization for Peaceful Purposes up to 2020 (approved on the 3rd January 2006 by the Prime Minister); and

- Master Plans for National Energy Development No.6.

- Project on Pre-Feasibility Study for Construction of the First Nuclear Power Plant in Viet Nam (2002-2004), extended to 2009.

On November 25th, 2009 Viet Nam's National Assembly approved the government plans to build the first two nuclear power plants in Viet Nam.

2.1.2. Current organizational chart(s)

Under the direction of the Government, many ministries, organizations, and universities have been involved in the nuclear power development in Viet Nam, namely:

- Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT), and its subsidiary body: Vietnam Electricity (EVN);

- Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) and its subsidiary bodies: Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VAEI) and Vietnam Agency for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (VARANS);

- Ministry of Education and Training (MOET);

- Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE);

- Ministry of Health (MOH)

- Ministry of Construction (MOC);

- Ministry of Defence (MOD);

- Ministry of Public Security (MOPS);

- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST);

- Universities: Hanoi University of Technologies, Hanoi University of Science, and University of Electricity, University of Technologies in Ho Chi Minh city; etc.

2.2. Nuclear power plants: Overview

2.2.1. Status and performance of nuclear power plants

Not Available

2.2.2. Plant upgrading, plant life management and license renewals

Not available

2.3. Future development of Nuclear Power

2.3.1. Nuclear power development strategy

Main Decisions

Over the past years the Government of Viet Nam has pursued the consistent policies on safe, secure and peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

On the 3rd January 2006, the Prime Minister signed a decision on launching the “Strategy for Peaceful Utilization of Atomic Energy up to the year 2020”, which determines the objectives and road-map for atomic energy development in Viet Nam on both non-power and power applications.

On the 23rd July 2007, the Prime Minister of Viet Nam approved the "Master Plan for the Implementation of the Strategy for Peaceful Utilization of Atomic Energy up to 2020", which determines 23 projects related to various areas on radiation and radioisotope applications, nuclear power, and infrastructure development for nuclear power in Viet Nam. These projects should be finalized and submitted to the Prime Minister for approval by the end of 2008 and to be implemented from 2009.

In 2007 the Government also approved the "Master Plan for Electricity Development up to 2020 and Vision to 2050", which stated that the first nuclear power plant would be put into commercial operation by 2020.

Recently, the Atomic Energy Law was approved by the Viet Nam National Assembly on the 3rd June 2008 and will come into force on the 1st January 2009.

On the 25th November 2009 Vietnam's National Assembly approved government plans to build the first two nuclear power plants.

On the 17th July 2010, the Prime Minister signed a decision on approval of the Orientation of Planning for Nuclear Power Development in Viet Nam up to 2030.

Project framework (time scales, number of units, etc).

The first two nuclear power plants called Ninh Thuan 1 and Ninh Thuan 2 locate at Phuoc Dinh and Vinh Hai of Ninh Thuan Province in the Southern Central of Viet Nam. The total capacity of the two NPPs is 4,000 MW (2 units x 1,000 MW at each site).

According to the base scenario, the first nuclear power unit of capacity 1000 MW will be put into commercial operation by the year 2020. By 2025, the nuclear power capacity will reach 4000 MW (accounting for 4.4% of the total electric power generation capacity) and continue to increase to 10.000 MW (8%) by 2030.

According to the high scenario, the first nuclear power unit of capacity 1000 MW will be put into commercial operation by the year 2020. By 2025, the nuclear power capacity will reach 8.000 MW (accounting for 7% of the total electric power generation capacity) and continue to increase to 15.000 MW (10%) by 2030.

- Type of contract (Turnkey, Split Package, Multi Packages): EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction)

- Application of nuclear power: electricity supply

- Policy for nuclear fuel cycle

- Strategy for funding long term spent fuel handling and final disposal, waste management and decommissioning

TABLE 8: PLANNED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Station/Project Name Type Capacity [MWe] Expected Construction Start Year Expected Commercial Year
 Unit 1, Phuoc Dinh / Ninh Thuan I - 1000 2014 2020
 Unit 2, Phuoc Dinh / Ninh Thuan I - 1000 2015 2021
 Unit 1, Vinh Hai / Ninh Thuan II  - 1000 2015 2021
 Unit 2, Vinh Hai / Ninh Thuan II - 1000 2016 2022

* Note: Data in the above Table is based on the Pre-FS Report and they are still preliminary data. The final decision on the NPP building plan should be approved by the Viet Nam's National Assembly when the Government submit the FS Report (2012).

2.3.2. Project management

On the 5th March 2002, the Prime Minister decided to establish the Governmental Steering Committee for Pre-FS on the construction of the first nuclear power plant in Viet Nam. The Committee consists of the Minister of Industry, Vice-Ministers and senior officials from relevant ministries, agencies, and institutions. The Committee had several functions similar to a NEPIO.

As assigned by the Prime Minister, Ministry of Industry and Trade (MOIT) is responsible for conducting Pre-FS on the first NNPs. Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) is responsible for formulating the Viet Nam Strategy for Peaceful Utilization of Atomic Energy up to 2020, and conducting studies and Elucidation of the Aspects of Nuclear Power Development in Viet Nam.

In August 2008, MOST established an inter-agencies working group to coordinate the preparation of the Mater Plan’s projects in order for implementing the Atomic Energy Strategy. A MOST Vice-Minister heads the Working Group.

Under the control of the MOIT, Vietnam Electricity (EVN) is responsible for conduct Pre-FS and FS and will be owner/operator of the first NPPs (Ninh Thuan 1 and Ninh Thuan 2).

The Prime Minister and one Deputy Prime Minister lead the preparation for nuclear power program. All NPP - related issues are reported directly to the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister or to the Ministers in charged.

On the 4th May 2010, the Prime Minister singed a decision on establishment of the State Steering Committee for the Ninh Thuan Nuclear Power Project.

The Steering Committee has the functions and duties as follows:

- To build orientation, strategies for development of nuclear power and other priority areas in each development phase;

- To build guidance and policies on nuclear power development; specific policies on acquiring, owning and developing NPP technologies, nuclear fuel; on the exploitation and uses of uranium; radioactive environmental monitoring and radioactive waste management;

- To direct, supervise, and coordinate activities of the ministries, ministerial-level agencies, agencies of the Government in implementing nuclear power development program;

- To advice the Prime Minister on important issues in the development of nuclear power.

2.3.3. Project funding

EVN will be the investor for the first four NP units. A proposal for financial arrangement for these units is as follows:

- EVN will provide 15-25% of the total investment costs.

- Loan: 75-85% of the total investment costs under the export credits with one or several Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) in conjunction with loan from commercial banks and and/or issuing domestic and international bonds.

- The Government will apply support measures on investing and financing NPP projects, such as loan guarantee and bond issuing; investment for infrastructure development, resettlements

2.3.4. Electric grid development

Along with decision on NPP construction, the Government decided to upgrade and expansion 500 KV and higher electric grid at the Southern Central, where the first NPPs will be constructed and put into operation in the period 2020-2025.

2.3.5. Site Selection

Based on the guidance of Agency International Atomic Energy (IAEA) on the site selection for the NPPs, EVN has conducted surveys and studies at 7 main areas across the country and selected 5 areas with 21 sites for further consideration. Using expert method to score 19 weighted criteria in combination with the general criteria for environmental assessment, EVN has selected 8 potential sites; each site can build 4 nuclear power units. Among them, the following two sites for the first NPPs have been selected:

- Ninh Thuan 1 NPP at Phuoc Dinh commune, Ninh Phuoc district, Ninh Thuan province;

- Ninh Thuan 2 NPP at Vinh Hai commune, Ninh Hai district, Ninh Thuan province.

However, they need approval from nuclear and environment regulators.

2.4. Organizations involved in construction of NPPs

Not currently available

2.5. Organizations involved in operation of NPPs

- Vietnam Electricity (EVN) will be owner and operator of the Ninh Thuan 1 and Ninh Thuan 2 NPPs.

- Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute and some others will be technical support organizations.

2.6. Organizations involved in decommissioning of NPPs

Not available

2.7. Fuel cycle including waste management

Radioactive wastes, including spent fuels, will be stored temporarily about 30 years at nuclear power plants. At present, Ministry of Construction in collaboration with relevant organizations is conducting studies for national radioactive waste repository planning.

Strategies for fuel cycle and waste management will be developed.

2.8. Research and development

2.8.1. R&D organizations

Viet Nam Atomic Energy Institute (VAEI, its old name is VAEC) operates under the MOST control and management. The VAEI was established in April 1976 and up to April 1994 it was controlled under the Government Office. In April 1994, VAEI was reorganized and put under MOST. The VAEI comprises the following institutions:

1. Da Lat Nuclear Research Institute (DNRI);

2. Center for Application of Nuclear Technique in Industry (CANTI) in Da Lat

3. Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST) in Ha noi;

4. Institute for Technology of Radioactive and Rare Elements (ITRRE) in Ha Noi;

5. Ha Noi Irradiation Center (HIC)

6. Center for Nuclear Technique in Ho Chi Minh City (CNT);

7. Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology (VINAGAMMA); and

8. Technology Application and Development Company (NEAD).

The functions and duties of the VAEI

1. Conduct fundamental and applied research on nuclear science and engineering, nuclear reactor technology, nuclear fuel and material, radiation protection and nuclear safety, and radioactive waste management technology in service of economic development of the country;

2. Develop technology, production and technical services in atomic energy and related fields in service of social and economic development;

3. Study and formulate directions, strategies, planning and plans for atomic energy development in Viet Nam, participate in the formulation of law projects and regulatory documents in relation to atomic energy, and in the implementation of nuclear policies approved by the Government;

4. Perform international cooperation in the filed of atomic energy, and participate in the implementation of international treaties pledged by Viet Nam;

5. Provide technical support to the State management body on radiation protection and nuclear safety in the appraisal of radiation protection and nuclear safety, carry out radioactive environment monitoring, calibrate radiation facilities and dosimeters, develop technical infrastructures in the preparedness and response to radiological and nuclear incidents and accidents; and

6. Participate in the planning and training of scientific and technical professionals in the field of atomic energy. 

2.8.2. Development of advanced nuclear technologies

Not available

2.8.3. International co-operation and initiatives

Not available

2.9. Human resources development

The Government is considering approving a long-term program on manpower education and training for nuclear power.

Domestic training

- Advanced training for nuclear staff at the institutions, such as investors, the state management agencies, R&D institute and technical support organization, and training establishments.

- Basic Training for providing supplementary nuclear knowledge to non-nuclear staff and managers of investor, the state management agencies, and industries participating in the nuclear power program.

- Basic training for providing supplementary knowledge to the NPP operation, maintenance, and repair staff before sending to training abroad.

Abroad training

- Training key experts and specialists for investors, state management agencies, R&D institutes, Technical Support Organization, and training establishments;

- Expert group training in accordance with tasks of state management agencies, R&D institutes, Technical Support Organization, and training establishments.

- Training NPP operation, maintenance, and repair staff in the country providing equipment.

Upgrading and setting up nuclear training establishments

- Upgrading training establishments for higher and post-graduate education to perform the task of training personnel for nuclear power development program.

- Setting up of centers for advanced and basic training.

- Setting up centers for NPP operation and maintenance training.

2.10. Stakeholder Communication

A public information program on nuclear power should be carrying out synchronously with the nuclear power development program. It is necessary to regularly and closely coordinate activities of governmental agencies and relevant organizations to provide the public with the necessary knowledge on nuclear power, to ensure timely and transparent information, to create and maintain regular interaction and communication with the public aimed at always gathering public supports in all stages of the nuclear power project from the beginning and during the preparation and implementation of the project, and operating NPP.


The public information activities can be conducted in the following forms:

- Implement propaganda campaign, training on the mass media;

- Organize exhibitions on nuclear power in Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City and provinces expected to build NPP;

- Organize visit to the nuclear facilities and NPP;

- Organize seminars on nuclear power;

- Conduct surveys, statistics and evaluation of public opinion.

3. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

3.1. Regulatory framework

3.1.1. Safety Authority

On the basis of the Viet Nam Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (VRPA), the Viet Nam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (VARANS, old name is VARANSAC) was established in 2004. VARANS is under the MOST assists the MOST's Minister in exercising the state management of radiation protection and nuclear safety.

The functions and duties of VARANS

1. To organize and participate in the building of legislative documents, code of practice, procedures and regulations for radiation and nuclear safety & control; to participate in the building of standards on radiation and nuclear safety, specific regulations and policies for those who work directly with the radiation;

2. To make and then submit to the Minister policies, development orientations, priorities, programs, annual and 5-year plans on radiation and nuclear safety & control; to organize and implement approved plans;

3. To organize and implement the notification, registration, license, renewal, amendment and withdrawal of licenses for radiation and nuclear establishments, radioactive sources, radiation personnel and works related to radiation and nuclear; to organize the assessment of sites, designs, construction, and justifications for ensuring the radiation and nuclear safety and the security of radiation and nuclear establishments;

4. To guide and direct the Local Departments of Science & Technology on radiation and nuclear safety & control; to co-ordinate with Ministries, Branches to perform the State management on the radiation and nuclear safety & control under the MOST’s direction;

5. To conduct regulatory inspections on radiation and nuclear safety according to law; to resolve complaints, denunciations; to deal with violations of regulations on radiation safety and control according to law;

6. To perform the State management of radioactive wastes; to organize radiation environment monitoring, to develop emergency response and handling for radiation and nuclear incidents; to control radiation doses and assess the safety of occupational, public and medical exposure;

7. To organize activities of safeguard;

8. To establish an record system of data, information on radiation and nuclear safety;

9. To organize research for applying scientific and technological advances in the field of radiation safety &control;

10. To co-organize training courses, propaganda and dissemination programs on legislation, radiation & nuclear safety and safety culture;

11. To organize and develop international cooperation activities in radiation and nuclear safety as assigned by the Ministry; to participate in the implementation of the international treaties and other international agreements on radiation and nuclear safety;

12. To perform other duties assigned by the Minister of Science and Technology; to manage cadres, assets, files and documents of the Agency according to the ministry arrangement and regulation.

3.1.2. Licensing Process

Licensing and inspection: VARANS issues or proposes the MOST to issue licenses for all activities related to radiation including import and export of radiation sources, radiation works, and radiation facilities. Every year inspection is carried out for some radiation organizations.

3.2. Main national laws and regulations in nuclear power

1. Ordinance on Radiation Safety & Control (ORSC) was passed on June 25th, 1996 by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republics of Viet Nam and went into effect on the 1st January 1997.

2. Decree on the Detailed Directions for implementing of ORSC was enacted on July 16th, 1998 by the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republics of Viet Nam and went into effect on the 1st August 1998.

3. Decree No. 51/2006/NĐ-CP dated May 19, 2006 stipulating regulations on sanctioning against administrative violation in radiation safety and control

4. Decree No. 87/2006/NĐ-CP regulating the inspection organization and operation of the Ministry of Science and Technology

5. Regulations No. 115/2007/QĐ-TTg dated July 23, 2007 on ensuring the security of radioactive sources

6. Regulations No. 146/2007/QD-TTg dated September 04, 2007 for the recovery and handling of orphan radioactive sources

7. Joint Circular No.2237/1999/TTLT/BKHCNMT-BYT between MOSTE and MOH on Guidelines in implementation of radiation safety in medical exposure was enacted on 28 December 1999.

8. Decree on the penalty for violations of regulations on radiation safety and control was enacted on May, 2001 by the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republics of Viet Nam.

9. Circular No.14/2003/TT-BKHCN dated July 11, 2003 guiding radiation transportation safety

10. Circular No.05/2006/TT-BKHCN dated January 11, 2006 guiding the procedures of notification, registration and license issuance to radiation activities

11. Circular No.10/2006/TT-BKHCN dated March 17, 2006 guiding specialized inspection on radiation safety and control

12. Decision No.38/2006/QD-BTC dated July 24, 2006: Regulation of fees and charges for radiation safety assessment and verification

13. Decision No 3616/2004/QĐ-BYT dated 4 October 2004 on the issuance of the Regulations on the safety and sanitation of food preserved by irradiation

14. Document No.1092/2002/BKHCNMT-ATBX dated May 2, 2002 provisionally regulating license application and conditions for the use of X-ray medical devices

15. Directive No.13/2006/CT-BKHCN dated June 07, 2006 on the enhancement of State administration of radiation safety and security

16. Decision No. 17/2007/QĐ-BKHCN dated August 31, 2007 on the issuance of radioactive sources separation complying with security requirements

17. Decision No. 32 /2007/QĐ-BKHCN enacting the regulation on examining medical diagnosis X-ray machines

18. The Atomic Energy Law was approved by Vietnam National Assembly on the 3rd June 2008, comes into force on the 1st January 2009 and replaces the Ordinance on Radiation Safety & Control (ORSC)

19. Decree on guidance for the implementation of several provisions of the Atomic Energy Law

20. Decree on nuclear power plants.

References

Appendix 1: International, Multilateral and Bilateral Agreements

A1.1. International treaties, conventions, and agreements signed/ratified by the country

· Agreement on privileges and immunities Entry into force Jul. 1969
· Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) Entry into force Jun. 1982
· Supplementary agreement on provision of technical assistance by the IAEA Entry into force May 1983
· Supplementary agreement on provision of technical assistance by the IAEA Entry into force May 1983
· NPT related safeguards agreement INFCIRC/376 Entry into force Feb. 1990
· Improved procedures for designation of safeguards inspectors Prefers to apply the present system Jun. 1990
· RCA Entry into force: Aug. 1997
· Convention on physical protection of nuclear material Non-Party
· Convention on early notification of a nuclear accident Entry into force 1986
· Convention on assistance in the case of a nuclear accident or radiological emergency Entry into force Oct. 1987
· Safeguards Agreement Entry into force 1989
· Bangkok Treaty: South East Asia Nuclear Weapons Free Zone signed Dec. 1995
· Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) ratified Jan. 2006
· Additional Protocol signed Aug. 2007
· Vienna convention on civil liability for nuclear damage Non-Party
· Joint protocol Non-Party
· Protocol to amend the Vienna convention on civil liability for nuclear damage Non-Party
· Convention on supplementary compensation for nuclear damage Non-Party
· Convention on nuclear safety Entry into force Apr. 2010
· Joint convention on the safety of spent fuel management and on the safety of radioactive waste management Non-Party
· ZANGGER Committee Non-Member
· Nuclear Export Guidelines (INFCIRC/254) Adopted
· Acceptance of NUSS Codes No reply
· Nuclear Suppliers Group Non-Member

A1.2. Cooperation agreements with IAEA in area of NP

Became a Member State of the IAEA since June 1978, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam has been receiving the Agency's valuable assistances in many areas, contributing to the research, development and peaceful, safe and secure uses of nuclear energy in Viet Nam.

The IAEA's assistances have been covering many nuclear power-related aspects, such as energy and electricity planning, nuclear safety and security, development of legislative system... through providing equipment, materials, experts and man-power training

In 1987, Viet Nam received a WASP-III version for PC. At the same year, IAEA approved TC Project "Computer Center for Reactor Physics (VIE/4/006)“. WASP was installed in the PC Center. Vietnamese researchers and energy planners carried out their energy/electricity planning studies by using WASP at this Center.

From 1987, especially since 1996 many Vietnamese staff participated in the IAEA training courses in WASP energy planning and many IAEA expert missions were dispatched to Viet Nam.

In 1997, the IAEA approved TC project "Pre-Feasibility Study for Introduction of Nuclear Power in Viet Nam (VIE/0/009)". In order for implementation of the project, two Vietnamese working teams was set up, one for energy planning and economic study, the other for reactor technology, safety... Almost energy-related institutes and universities participated in and benefited by the project.

Since year 2000, Viet Nam has participated in the following energy-related regional projects: RAS/0/033: Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Mitigating Green House Gas (GHG) Emissions; RAS/0/038: Role of Nuclear Power and Other Energy Options in Competitive Electricity Market; RAS/0/041: Tracing Future Sustainable Path through Nuclear and Other Energy Options; RAS/0/045: Formulation of Sustainable Energy Development strategies in the Context of Climate Change.

In order to meet Viet Nam’s requirements on support for consideration of launching nuclear power project, IAEA focused its supports in assisting Viet Nam to solve problems occurred in nuclear power development through the IAEA experts’ review and assessment of not only energy planning and economy but also other issues as suggested in the IAEA Publication: Milestone in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power (IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG-G-3.1) to carry out studies on national infrastructure development for nuclear power. Among the IAEA TC projects for the cycle 2009-2011, there are three projects directly supported nuclear power development in Viet Nam, namely, VIE/4/015 "Developing Nuclear Power Infrastructure"; VIE/9/011 "Improving the Capability for the site Characterization and Evaluation of New Nuclear Installation'; and VIE/9/013 "Strengthening the Technical Capacity of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Regulatory Body". These proved to be very significant to setting up the nuclear power program in Viet Nam.

A1.3. Bilateral agreements with other countries or organizations signed/ratified by the country in the field of nuclear power

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and teh Government of the Republic of India for the co-operation for utilization of atomic energy for peaceful purposes

Signed 1986

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Government of the Republic of Korea for the co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Signed 1996

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Government of the People's Republic of China for the co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Signed 2000

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Government of the Argentine Republic for the co-operation in teh peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Signed 2001

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Government of the Russian Federation for the co-operation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Signed 2002

· Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam and the Government of the Republic of France for the co-operation in the development of peaceful uses of nuclear energy

Signed 2009

Appendix 2: main organizations, institutions and companies involved in nuclear power related activities

NUCLEAR ENERGY AUTHORITY

Ministry of Science, Technology Tel: 84-4-3943 9731

39, Tran Hung Dao Tel: 84-4-3943 9733

Ha Noi, Viet Nam http://www.most.gov.vn

Viet Nam Agency for Radiation and Tel: 84-4-3941 0213

Nuclear Safety Fax: 84-4-3822 0298

4th Floor, 70 Tran Hung Dao http://www.varans.gov.vn/

Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Ministry of Industry and Trade Tel: 84-4-3220 2222

54, Hai Ba Trung Tel: 84-4-3220 2525

Ha Noi, Viet Nam http://www.moit.gov.vn

 

OTHER ORGANIZATIONS

Viet Nam Atomic Energy Institute Tel: 84-4-3942 3479

59 Ly Thuong Kiet Fax: 84-4-3942 4133

Ha Noi, Viet Nam http://www.vaec.gov.vn

Institute for Nuclear Science

and Technique (INST) Tel: 84-4-3836 1432

5T-160, Hoang Quoc Viet Fax: 84-4-3836 3295

Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) Tel: 84-63-382 2191

1, Nguyen Tu Luc Fax: 84-63-382 1107

Da Lat, Viet Nam

Centre for Nuclear Techniques (CNT)

217, Nguyen Trai Tel: 84-8-3835 6568

Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Fax: 84-8-3836 7381

Institute for Technology of Radioactive

and Rare Elements (ITRE)

48, Lang Ha Tel: 84-4-3776 0340

Ha Noi, Viet Nam Fax: 84-4-3835 0966

Vietnam Electricity (EVN) Tel: 84-4-2220 3881

18 Tran Nguyen Han Fax: 84-4-2220 1386

Ha Noi, Viet Nam http://www.evn.com.vn

Nuclear Power and Renewable Energy Projects

Pre-investment Board Tel: 84-4-3210 8822

36 Au Co, Tay Ho Fax: 84-4-3719 2507

Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Institute of Energy Tel: 84-4-3852 2532

6 Ton That Tung Fax: 84-4-3773 5361

Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Name of report coordinator:

Le Doan Phac (Mr.)

Deputy Director General

 

Institution: Vietnam Atomic Energy Agency

Ministry of Science and Technology

 

Contacts: 59 Ly Thuong Kiet, Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Tel.: +84-903 255 002

Fax.: +84-4-3942 4133

Email: Ldphac@most.gov.vn

Ldphac@yahoo.com


Attachment 1: PREFIXES AND CONVERSION FACTORS

TABLE 1. PREFIXES

Symbol Name Factor
E exa 1018
P peta 1015
T tera 1012
G giga 109
M mega 106
K kilo 103
H hecto 102
da deca 101
D deci 10-1
C centi 10-2
M mili 10-3
µ micro 10-6
η nano 10-9
P pico 10-12
F femto 10-15
A atto 10-18

TABLE 2. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR ENERGY

To: TJ Gcal Mtoe MBtu GWh
From: Multiply by:
TJ 1 238.8 2.388 x 10-5 947.8 0.2778
Gcal 4.1868 x 10-3 1 10-7 3.968 1.163 x 10-3
Mtoe 4.1868 x 104 107 1 3.968 x 107 11630
Mbtu 1.0551 x 10-3 0.252 2.52 x 10-8 1 2.931 x 10-4
GWh 3.6 860 8.6 x 10-5 3412 1

TABLE 3. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR MASS

To: kg T lt st lb
From: Multiply by:
kg (kilogram) 1 0.001 9.84 x 10-4 1.102 x 10-3 2.2046
T (tonne) 1000 1 0.984 1.1023 2204.6
Lt (long tonne) 1016 1.016 1 1.12 2240.0
st (short tonne) 907.2 0.9072 0.893 1 2000.0
lb (pound) 0.454 4.54 x 10-4 4.46 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-4 1

TABLE 4. CONVERSION FACTORS FOR VOLUME

To: US gal UK gal bbl ft3 L m3
From: Multiply by:
US gal (US gallon) 1 0.8327 0.02381 0.1337 3.785 0.0038
UK gal (UK gallon) 1.201 1 0.02859 0.1605 4.546 0.0045
bbl (barrel) 42.0 34.97 1 5.615 159.0 0.159
ft3 (cubic foot) 7.48 6.229 0.1781 1 28.3 0.0283
l (litre) 0.2642 0.22 0.0063 0.0353 1 0.001
m3 (cubic metre) 264.2 220.0 6.289 35.3147 1000 1