KAZAKHSTAN
TABLE 1. POPULATION INFORMATION
Average annual growth rate (%) | |||||
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2011 | 2000 to 2011 | |
Population (millions) | 16.298 | 14.902 | 15.075 | 16.675 | 1.03 |
Population density (inhabitants/km2) | 6.15 | 5.468 | 5.532 | 6.12 | 1.03 |
Urban population as % of total | 57.01 | 56.35 | 57.15 | 54.66 | 0.78 |
Area (1000 km2): 2724.9 |
TABLE 2. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
Average annual growth rate (%) | |||||
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2011 | 2000 to 2011 | |
GDP (millions of current US$) | 40304 | 18292 | 57123,7 | 184463.5 | 9.16 |
GDP per capita (current US$ per capita) | 2.465 | 1.229 | 3.771 | 11.062 | 20,5 |
Dollar rate, tenge per 1 US dollar | 142.13 | 132.88 | 146.62 |
TABLE 3. ESTIMATED ENERGY RESERVES
Estimated energy reserves | |||||||
Fossil Fuels | Nuclear | Renewables | |||||
Solid | Liquid | Gas | Uranium (1) |
Hydro (2) |
Solar | Total | |
Total amount in specific units* | 170 200 | 6 500 | 1 820 | 1 500 000 | 2,350 | 3 900 000 | |
Total amount in Exajoule (EJ) | 942.20 | 31.16 | 66.28 | 328.31 | 47.2 | 5.525 | 1420.7 |
TABLE 4. ENERGY STATISTICS IN EXAJOULE (EJ)
|
Average annual growth rate (%) | ||||
1990 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010* | 2000 to 2010* | |
Energy consumption** | |||||
- Total | 5,55 | 2,31 | 3,01 | 3,83 | 28 |
- Solids*** | 1,62 | 0,84 | 1 | 1,11 | 15 |
- Liquids | 0,74 | 0,28 | 0,38 | 0,53 | 37 |
- Gases | 0,43 | 0,19 | 0,18 | 0,81 | 172 |
- Other | 2,76 | 1,01 | 1,45 | 1,37 | 24,5 |
Energy production | |||||
- Total | 6,42 | 4,67 | 6,33 | 8,33 | 34 |
- Solids*** | 2,5 | 1,45 | 1,56 | 1,99 | 18 |
- Liquids | 1,08 | 1,48 | 2,28 | 2,88 | 27 |
- Gases | 0,24 | 0,31 | 0,33 | 1,02 | 108 |
- Other**** | 2,6 | 1,44 | 2,16 | 2,44 | 31,5 |
Net import (Import - Export) | |||||
- Total | -0,24 | -1,63 | -2,58 | -3,12 |
TABLE 4. DOMESTIC COAL, OIL AND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
Years | Coal (million tons) |
Oil (million tons) |
Natural Gas (billion cubic meters) |
1995 | 83,3 | 18,1 | 5,9 |
1996 | 76,8 | 21,1 | 6,5 |
1997 | 72,6 | 23,4 | 8,1 |
1998 | 69.8 | 23.8 | 7,9 |
1999 | 58.4 | 26.7 | 9,9 |
2000 | 74.9 | 30.6 | 11,5 |
2001 | 79.1 | 36.1 | 11,6 |
2002 | 73.7 | 42.1 | 14,1 |
2003 | 84.9 | 45.4 | 16,6 |
2004 | 86.9 | 50.7 | 22,1 |
2006 | 96.2 | 54.3 | 26.38 |
2008 | 111.07 | 58.6 | 32.89 |
2010 | 103.51 | 67.9 | 36.2 |
TABLE 5. PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2006 | 2008 | 2010 | |
Electricity production (TW.h) | 51.6 | 55.4 | 58.3 | 63.9 | 66.9 | 71.6 | 80.35 | 82.66 |
Electricity production per capita (GW.h) | 3.48 | 3.73 | 3.92 | 4.27 | 4.44 | 4.7 | 5.03 | 5.03 |
TABLE 6. ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, CONSUMPTION AND CAPACITY
2005 | 2010 | |
Capacity of electrical plants (GWe) | 18.993 | 19.128 |
Thermal | 16.774 | |
Hydro | 2.314 | |
Wind | 0.04 | |
Electricity production (TW*h) | 67.847 | 82.629 |
Thermal | 59.5 | 72.47 |
Hydro | 8.21 | 10 |
Total electricity consumption (TW*h) | 67.717 | 76.560 |
TABLE 7. STATUS AND PERFORMANCE OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Station | Types | Net Capacity |
Operator | Status | Reactor Supplier |
Criticality | Construction Date |
Grid Date |
Commercial Date |
Shutdown Date |
UCF for year 2011 |
BN-350 | FBR | 52 | Permanent Shutdown | MAEC-KAZ | MAEC-KAZ | 1964-10-01 | 1972-11-01 | 1973-07-16 | 1973-07-16 | 1999-04-22 |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Type: | BN-350, sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor |
Location: | Aktau (former Shevchenko) at the shore of the Caspian Sea, in western part of Kazakhstan |
Operator: | Owned by the National Atomic Company "KAZATOMPROM" and operated by its "MAEC-Kazatomprom" LLP. |
Fuel: | Uranium enriched to 17%, 21%, and 26% |
Status: | The plant was shut down since April 1999 and defuelling took place in October of 2000. |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
DECOMMISSIONNING PHASE |
Dates | |
From | To | |
Reactor core defuelling | 1999 | 2000 |
Partial dismantling | 2000 | Continued |
Spent fuel packaging period | 1999 | 2001 |
Spent fuel store period in the reactor pool | 2001 | Finished November 2010 |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FUEL MANAGEMENT |
Dates | |
From | To | |
Transfer to at-reactor facility | 1999 | 2001 |
Storage in on-site facility | 2001 | Continued |
Under water storage | 2001 | Continued |
Encapsulation | 1999 | 2001 |
“Cold run” with TUK-123 | December of 2009 | |
TUKs with spent nuclear fuel have been transferred to long-term spent fuel storage facility at Baikal-1 site | January of 2010 | November 2010 |
TUKs with spent nuclear fuel are set to long-term spent fuel storage facility at Baikal-1 site | November 2010 | Continued |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Type: | WWR-K, water cooled, moderated and reflected tank-type reactor |
Location: | Alatau, near Almaty |
Operator: | Owned by the National Nuclear Centre (NNC) and operated by its Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) |
Total capacity: | 10 MW |
Start of operation: | 1967 |
Fuel: | U-Al fuel with a U235 enrichment of 36% |
Status | In operation |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Type: | IGR, impulse homogeneous uranium-graphite thermal neutron reactor with graphite reflector |
Location: | Kurchatov |
Operator: | Owned by the National Nuclear Centre and operated by its Institute of Atomic Energy (IAE) |
Start of operation: | 1961 |
Fuel: | Enriched to over 90% U |
Capacity | In steady-state conditions, 1*106 KW; in pulse condition, 1*107 KW |
Heat release: | Maximum energy-release: in steady-state conditions, 5,2 Gjoules; 1 GJ in a pulse |
Neutron flux: | Maximum thermal 0.7*1017cm-2 s-1 |
Status | In operation |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Type: | EWG-1M, thermal light water heterogeneous vessel reactor with light water Moderator and coolant, beryllium reflector |
Location: | Kurchatov |
Operator: | Owned by NNC and operated by its IAE |
Total capacity: | 60 MW (thermal) |
First criticality: | 1972 |
Fuel: | U-Zr fuel with U235 enrichment of 90% |
Neutron flux: | 1.7-3.4*1014cm-2 s-1 |
Status | In operation |
TABLE 7.1. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Type: | RA thermal neutron high-temperature gas heterogeneous reactor with air coolant, zirconium hydride moderator, beryllium reflector |
Location: | Kurchatov |
Operator: | Owned by NNC and operated by its IAE |
Total capacity: | Up to 0.4 MW |
First criticality: | 1986 |
Fuel: | Ampoule bodies with 90% U235 enrichment |
Neutron flux: | Up to 5*1012cm-2 s-1 |
Status | Fuel is unloaded |
Source: Country Information |